【学术二中】苏锦云 || 英语教研心得《培养英语语感，激发学习兴趣》交流分享

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（1）良好的英语语感是学好英语的钥匙

英语语感（word sense）是指在学习英语的过程中逐渐形成的语言意识以及在接触语言材料的过程中积累的语言经验。同学们对英语语言的感觉就是英语语感，它包括对英语的语音感受、语意感受、语言情感色彩的感受等。它是同学们对英语语言的直接感知能力，对英语语言法则或语言组织方法的掌握和运用，是经过反复感性认识上升为理性认识的经验和体会。语感来自于语言实践，又指导语言实践。同学们要学好用好英语，就应该具备良好的语感。 

（2）阻碍英语语感形成的绊脚石

 目前的英语教学普遍存在以下不足：

1、教师重视语法、词汇教学，要求学生熟记单词、语言点，熟记句子的语法结构，从而忽视了对语言的整体分析能力的培养；在教学中倾向于机械操练和记忆，脱离真实的语言环境；

2、教师缺乏对学生学习策略的关注与指导，缺乏对学生个体生命的重视和尊重，从而导致学生缺乏学习的自主性和主动性。最终，学生对英语语感不熟悉，对英语学习缺乏兴趣。

 （3）课堂增加英语的输入量，通过实践训练有利于语感的形成

1、尽量使用英语，逐步培养学生运用英语思维的习惯

   培养学生用英语进行交际的能力，从教英语的第一天起就坚持这样做。教师要坚持“尽量使用英语，适当利用母语”的教学原则，以减少学生对母语的依赖性和母语对英语教学的负迁移。

教学中用英语解释英语，要求学生使用英汉双解词典并逐步过渡到使用英英词典，这有利于学生准确掌握词汇的内涵和外延。例如，教a bus,教师拿公共汽车的模型或图片，说 a bus ,教学生读a bus。My bus is green. I like my bus等等，训练学生说到脱口而出，出口成句。

让学生多读多摘录英语词典的典型例句，模仿造句可以提高学生正确运用单词的能力。因为用一种语言解释另一种语言不一定都能做到一对一完全准确的精准度。有些英语词、句用汉语很难解释，甚至会出现越解释越难描述清楚的现象。在这种情况下，我经常给出一些包含该词、句的句子，让学生在具体的语境中去体会，去理解。所给出的语境应尽量跟该词、句所处的语境相似，而且是学生熟悉或容易接受的，就这样一点一滴，逐步培养学生运用英语思维的习惯，循序渐进，由简单到复杂，由弱到强，最终培养学生能自主使用英语进行日常的交际沟通。

2． 扩大听说和阅读的途径，增大学生语言输入和语言输出的量

在没有英语语言环境的情况下，教师尽量做到“四多”。

① 多听。教师可以通过安排学生对教材大声的朗读进行听录音训练，在课前精选200-230字小故事正能量的短文，设计5分钟阅读训练

② 多说。材料不仅仅包括课堂内的精听，还应利用尽可能多的机会进行无意的听说。同学们可以通过提问，讨论，复述等多种形式培养英语阅读能力和语篇能力。

③ 多读。教师想办法增加学生的阅读量，可以有效地增加学生对英语的感知能力。且阅读应有精泛之分。既可以是课堂内的细到篇章结构，句法，以及字词的精读，也可以是快速的浏览，了解大意的泛读。“精”的教学能有效地帮助学生迅速掌握语言规律，提高他们的语言实践能力。“泛”的教学有助于学生更加牢固地掌握规律，也可以增加学生对未知语言规律的感性认识，为以后的语言规律的学习和掌握奠定基础。在英语的“泛”语言实践学习过程中，学生出现错误是在所难免的，要通过“泛”与“精”相结合的实践让学生去发现和认识错误，逐渐改正错误，以达到掌握语言的目的。

④ 多写。同学们通过听说读之后对文章有了一个比较全面的认识，因此我们就可以就此要求同学们通过自己的认识，用自己的文字对文章重新复述一遍。

这种在真实语境中进行的交流，不仅可以加大语言的实践量，使学生把课堂学到的知识灵活运用起来，达到内迁移的目的。将课上课下知识融汇贯通，当听、说、读、写真正融为一体，对英语语感的训练是非常行之有效的。

（4）学生如何提高学习英语的兴趣？

1、背诵优美词句篇章，重视英语的日积月累的习惯

大量背读是英语学习的重要方法。背诵有助于熟记语言材料，积累语言知识，有利于培养学生的语感。教学中，学生要养成记笔记的良好习惯，随时注意记录一些有用的词、短语、精彩的句子和短文，经常翻阅或背诵，并多加模仿运用，将优美的词句、各种表达方式、写作技巧熟记于心，为提高语言运用能力和培养语感奠定坚实的基础。

2、了解中西方文化差异，有助于应用英文的逻辑思维进行表达

语言是交际的工具，不了解交际对象的文化背景，势必会产生歧义，也就不可能有效地培养学生的语感。不了解中西方文化差异，我们就不能做到确切理解和正确表达思想。语言的积累应从了解中西文化差异，了解汉语和英语之间表达习惯的差异开始。由于汉英思维模式的不同，所以在句子表达时的时序和句序对应也不同。教学中，学生应该有善于积累的习惯，勤动手，随时摘录或留意一些字、词、句，甚至短文，尤其是一些短语的用法，收集并模仿使用，这样能够学到地道的表达方式。

二、学术论文部分节选

(一)如何增大学生语言输入和语言输出的量

例如，在学习人教版八年级上册Unit 5 Section B 2b 的文章When people say “culture”, we think of art and history. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon. We all know and love the black mouse with two large round ears-Mickey Mouse. Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18, 1928, it was the first cartoon with sound and music. The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney. He became very rich and successful. In the 1930s, he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.

Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as losing his house or girlfriend, Minnie. However, he was always ready to try his best. People went to the cinema to see the “little man” win. Most of them wanted to be like Mickey.

On November 18, 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Today’s cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey  Mouse,but everyone   still knows and loves him. Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey’s?

在泛读的情况下，让学生明白:1 Cartoon is one of the most famous symbols in American culture .2 Mickey Mouse was the first cartoon with sound and music. 组织学生讨论：1 Why did people want to be like Mickey Mouse? 2 What do you think of the character Mickey Mouse? 3What is your favorite cartoon?Why?

精读后设计以下习题：请根据课本2b完成短文填空。

   “Culture” is a symbol of art and history.But one very 1.___ symbol in American culture is a cartoon.We know and love Mickey Mouse.Over 80 years ago，he first 2.____in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.It was the first cartoon with sound and music.The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney.He became very rich and 3.____.Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular.One of the main 4.___ is that Mickey was like a common man，but he always tried to face any 5.___.In his early films，Mickey was 6.____ and had many problems such as losing his house or 7.____.However，he was always 8.___to try his best.Today’s cartoons are usually not so 9.___ as little Mickey Mouse，but everyone still knows and loves him.Who has a pair of 10.___ more famous than Mickey’s?

(二)重视积累英语中优美词句篇章

例如，学习人教版八年级下册Unit 6 Section A 3a阅读时，指导学生先画思维图，然后完成短文填空，最后复述文章，达到背诵的目的。

根据课本3a填空，每空一词。

 The Monkey King is not just ___1___ normal monkey.In fact, he sometimes does not even look like a monkey! This is because he can make 72 __2___to his shape and size, turning himself ___3__different animals and objects.But ___4____he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a person.To fight bad people, the Monkey King___5___ a magic stick.Sometimes he can make the stick __6__small that he can keep it in his ear.At other times, he is able to ___7___it big and long.The Monkey King has excited the children of China for many years.And as soon as the TV program came___8___ more than 30 years ago, Western children became___9___in reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never___ 10___ up.